The term menopause is derived from two words in the Greek language – month and change – and it refers to the cessation of menstruation.

In its early stages it is known as perimenopause. This is a transitional stage which is characterised by variation of the length of cycles and erratic menstrual cycles with lighter or heavier bleeding.

Onset of the perimenopause varies according to the individual, but usually it occurs between the ages of 48 and 53.

Menopause, or more correctly perimenopause, can be characterised by fairly unpleasant symptoms including:

• hot flashes or flushes
  

• night sweats
  

• tiredness
  

• poor sleeping
  

• depression
  

• panic attacks
  

• poor concentration.
  

Alternatively, some women experience none of these symptoms.

Although there is not a lot of scientific research in this area, athletes report a loss of strength and performance after menopause. And, while menopause mainly seems to affect women, men are not immune from some symptoms of the change.

There is no lack of information about the symptoms of menopause. Just search for 'menopause' on the internet and you will get more than two million hits.

There are various therapies that aim to alleviate the symptoms of menopause.

HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) is by far the most popular in Western society. Studies have shown that HRT can help to prevent bone loss (osteoporosis) and decline in muscle strength. There is also evidence that HRT lowers the risk of heart disease, the most common cause of death in post-menopausal women.

A range of alternative therapies is also available. Just as you must see a qualified medical practitioner to gain access to HRT, you should ensure that if you opt to consult a practitioner of alternatives therapies, they are also qualified. They include homeopaths, naturopaths, Chinese herbalists, acupuncturists and nutritionists.

Regular exercise for at least 20 minutes three times a week can achieve health gains. Even periods of activity as brief as 10 minutes can be beneficial when these add up to 30 minutes on most days of the week. Strength training is important in decreasing the risk of osteoporosis and increasing mobility. See a qualified trainer before you start.

Good nutrition, including healthy cooking styles, is important in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Eating the right combinations of foods is absolutely vital in the 'golden’ years.

Cigarette smoking is dangerous, particular for post-menopausal women, as it depletes the bones of calcium (see osteoporosis). Excesses of alcohol and food can lead to obesity as well as the destruction of essential vitamins and minerals.