• Vitamin D supplements are available for oral intake and intramuscular therapy. Vitamin D3 is the preferable supplement form and is well tolerated.
• Conversions for Vitamin D3
  • Sources: 40 IU = 1 μg
  • [serum]: 2.5 nmol/L = 1 ng/mL
• The principal source of Vitamin D comes from exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight (see Table).

Regional recommendations for sun exposure times for individuals with moderately fair skin. Times for people with highly pigmented skin would be3–6 times longer.

Adapted from⁹

• Small amounts of vitamin D can be found in foods such as oily fish, egg yolks and fortified foods such as milk, orange juice, cereals and margarine. However, even Vitamin-D rich food sources generally provide ~ 40–150 IU per serve and will not meet Vitamin D requirements.