Overall, there is limited evidence to support the use of vitamin E for athletes.

• Studies are not supportive of any benefit of vitamin E supplementation on rate of recovery of muscle contraction force following fatiguing exercise in humans^4-6
• Despite evidence for improvements in oxidative stress with vitamin E supplementation in athletes/exercisers, its effects on exercise performance outcomes are not convincing⁷
• Two studies found improvements in cycling anaerobic threshold power during incremental tests at altitude following vitamin E supplementation, however both studies were small in size^8-9

Some studies have shown improvements in non-fatal myocardial infarction risk in patients with existing heart disease following vitamin E supplementation, however RCTs are generally not supportive of any benefits of vitamin E supplements in the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.¹⁰