Barriers
What holds individuals with disabilities back from participating in sport.
- Environmental barriers (facility design and transport). 3, 6, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 34, 35, 44, 45, 46, 47, 135
- Cost (transport, fees, support personnel (when required)). 1, 3, 5, 6, 12, 16, 18, 20, 26, 27, 31, 32, 35, 41, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52
- Physical literacy (not being or feeling confident or competent, lower self-efficacy). 1, 3, 5, 12, 16, 20, 21, 32, 45, 48, 50, 52, 53, 133, 134
- Fear of failure or being judged, belief that sport is always competitive and/or not for ‘people like me’. 5, 21, 45, 48, 52, 54, 55, 133
- Time. 35, 43, 45, 56
- Lack of motivation. 21, 45, 135
- Lack of enjoyment. 5, 52
- Gender (women are less likely to participate in sport than men). 21, 22, 57, 58, 133
- Ineffective and/or inaccessible communication and advertising. 3, 5, 20, 21, 30, 31, 48, 52
- Not knowing what options are available or suitable. 3, 6, 14, 19, 24, 31, 32, 41
- Limited options available for participation. 15, 16, 17, 21, 26, 33, 50, 51, 38, 59, 133
- Limited media coverage, representation in advertising, and/or role models (especially outside of the Paralympic Games). 20, 31, 32, 48, 53
- Organisations, staff, coaches and volunteers lacking motivation, confidence and/or skills/training (including how to engage and modify programs to suit specific needs). 3, 9, 21, 31, 33, 35, 48, 50, 54, 60, 61, 62, 133
- Type of disability, physical, health, impairment, or pain impacting ability to be active (body function and structure, support needs). 1, 2, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 45, 48, 56, 61, 63
- Inappropriate medical advice, guidelines not including specific information for people with disabilities. 12, 64
- Stigma or negative attitudes towards persons with disability participating. 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 31, 32, 33, 35, 42, 48, 53, 61, 65, 66
