Barriers
What holds LGBTIQ+ individuals back from participating in sport.
- Heteronormative and/or negative attitudes towards LGBTIQ+ people (homophobia, biphobia, transphobia). 2, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 43, 120
- Bullying or abuse. 6, 17, 30, 32, 34, 35, 43, 118, 119, 120
- Discrimination. 2, 6, 10, 14, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36
- Perceiving sport as hyper-masculine, always competitive, and/or violent. 2, 6, 10, 20, 21, 37
- Lack of experience and/or understanding of sport and/or perceptions of competence (physical literacy). 6, 10, 17, 20, 38, 39, 119
- Lack of safe spaces. 2, 10, 13, 17, 28, 32, 40, 41, 42, 43, 118, 119, 120
- Gendered nature of sport (including physical education and school sport). 2, 6, 10, 21, 22, 28, 39, 41, 43, 119, 120, 121
- Lack of appropriate or inclusive facilities (such as bathrooms and change facilities, especially for trans or gender diverse participants). 2, 10, 18, 21, 37, 41, 120
- Negative or traumatic early experiences (e.g. in school physical education). 2, 10, 26, 37, 41, 43, 44, 118, 121
- Negative media attention and debates. 2, 10, 45
- Cost (financial and time, including transport). 2, 10, 17
- Body image and/or visibility (places where an individual’s body are exposed e.g. swimming pools or large mirrors in gyms can increase feelings of body dysphoria). 13, 18, 21, 37, 120
