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Neurodiversity in women and girls

The challenge

…women’s voices have been missing from research on autism and ADHD resulting in diagnoses based on male presentations of the conditions and women and girls being under-diagnosed. (Craddock 2023)

What we know

Neurodiversity is a word used to describe the different ways the brain can work. It includes autism, ADHD, Tourette’s syndrome, and various mental health and personality conditions. It emphasises that these are natural variations, not defects to be ‘fixed’.

There is no single type of neurodivergence – everyone has their own characteristics, strengths and challenges. But some common experiences of autism and ADHD include:

  • feeling overwhelmed by noises, lights, or other sensations (sensory overload)
  • finding it hard to manage emotions (emotional ups and downs)
  • trouble focusing or staying organised
  • feeling extra sensitive to criticism or rejection
  • difficulty making or keeping friends
  • difficulty making eye contact.

Most research has focused on boys and men, so the signs in women and girls are often missed.

In fact, many women and girls ‘mask’ their traits – consciously or unconsciously – to fit in socially. These internal struggles can lead to anxiety, depression or trauma, which others might not see.

Because of this, many girls and women are diagnosed later in life, if at all. This can delay clarity, self-understanding and support for many years, and even leave talents unrecognised.

Insights for coaches and officials

If you think a young woman or girl may need extra support, consider talking with parents or a guardian. It may also be worth suggesting they see a doctor. It’s not your role to diagnose, but you can provide support in other ways, including:

  • Coaches – create an accepting and supportive environment. Communicate clearly and give simple, clear instructions. Stay engaged and adapt your approach to suit different needs.
  • Officials – give instructions that are easy to follow. Remember that pressure may cause anxiety, which might not look how you expect. Be patient, supportive and communicate clearly.

 

More resources

Source article: Full article: Raising the voices of AuDHD women and girls: exploring the co-occurring conditions of autism and ADHD, opens in a new tab